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The United States, the Soviet Union, and the Arab-Israeli Conflict, 1948-1967: A Comprehensive Analysis of Superpower Rivalry in the Middle East

Yasushi Inoue

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Published in The United States The Soviet Union And The Arab Israeli Conflict 1948 67: Superpower Rivalry

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The Arab-Israeli Conflict, a protracted and multifaceted struggle between Israel and its Arab neighbors, has been a significant source of tension and instability in the Middle East for decades. This article delves into the pivotal role played by two superpowers, the United States and the Soviet Union, in shaping the conflict's course during the crucial period of 1948 to 1967. By examining their motivations, strategies, and interactions, we gain a deeper understanding of how their involvement influenced the conflict's dynamics and outcomes.

The United States, the Soviet Union and the Arab-Israeli conflict, 1948–67: Superpower rivalry
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Language : English
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Print length : 304 pages

The United States: Interests and Strategies

The United States' initial involvement in the Arab-Israeli Conflict was largely motivated by its global strategic interests. The Cold War rivalry with the Soviet Union played a significant role, as the US sought to prevent the expansion of Soviet influence in the region. Additionally, the US had a strong commitment to Israel's security, based on shared democratic values and a desire to support a Jewish homeland.

In the early years of the conflict, the US maintained a relatively balanced approach, providing economic and military aid to both Israel and Jordan. However, the US gradually tilted its support towards Israel, particularly after the 1956 Suez Crisis. The US saw Israel as a more reliable ally in the Cold War against the Soviet Union and Arab nationalism.

The Soviet Union: Objectives and Tactics

The Soviet Union's involvement in the Arab-Israeli Conflict was primarily driven by its desire to counter the US influence in the Middle East and strengthen its own position in the region. The Soviet Union saw the Arab-Israeli conflict as an opportunity to support Arab nationalist movements and gain access to strategically important areas, such as the Suez Canal.

Initially, the Soviet Union provided diplomatic and military support to Egypt, Syria, and other Arab states. However, the Soviet Union's objectives in the region were not always aligned with those of Arab leaders, and there were instances of tension and disagreement.

Superpower Rivalry and Conflict Escalation

The involvement of the United States and the Soviet Union in the Arab-Israeli Conflict intensified the conflict and raised the stakes on both sides. The superpowers provided their respective allies with weapons, training, and diplomatic support, contributing to the buildup of arms and the escalation of hostilities.

The 1967 Six-Day War marked a turning point in the conflict, as Israel's decisive victory resulted in significant territorial gains and the occupation of Arab lands. The United States and the Soviet Union played a significant role in the lead-up to the war, with the US providing Israel with advanced military equipment and the Soviet Union supporting Egypt and Syria.